Abstract
Six commercial biocontrol agents (BCAs, containing Aureobasidium pullulans, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens plantarum, Bacillus subtilis, Pythium oligandrum, or Trichoderma atroviride) were applied to ripening berries that were then incubated at one of four temperatures (T, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C) and one of four relative humidity levels (RH, 60, 80, 90, and 100%). After 1 to 13 days of incubation (BCA colonization period), the berries were inoculated with conidia of Botrytis cinerea and kept at 25°C and 100% RH for 7 days, at which time Botrytis bunch rot (BBR) was assessed. The response of BBR control to T/RH conditions and BCA colonization period differed among BCAs; the coefficients of variation among the BCAs ranged from 44.7 to 72.4%. An equation was developed that accounted for the combined effects of T, RH, and BCA colonization period on BBR control. The equation, which had an R2>0.94, could help farmers select the BCA to be used for a specific application based on weather conditions at the time of treatment and in the following days.
Highlights
The necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea Pers
Botrytis bunch rot on ripening berries can result from i) latent infections established during flowering, ii) direct berry infection caused by conidia, and iii) berry-to-berry infection caused by mycelium originating from previously infected berries within the cluster (Elmer and Michailides, 2007; González-Domıń guez et al, 2015)
The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a significant effect of the main factors biocontrol agents (BCAs), T/RH regime, and BCA colonization period, which explained 17.5, 42.4, and 4.1%, respectively, of the total variance in Botrytis bunch rot (BBR) severity
Summary
The necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea Pers. Fr. [teleomorph Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel] causes Botrytis bunch rot (BBR), which is a major disease of grapevines (Elad et al, 2016). [teleomorph Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel] causes Botrytis bunch rot (BBR), which is a major disease of grapevines (Elad et al, 2016). B. cinerea can damage all vine organs, its infection of ripening berries results in especially large losses in quantity and quality (Jarvis, 1977; Williamson et al, 2007; Elad et al, 2016). Botrytis bunch rot on ripening berries can result from i) latent infections established during flowering, ii) direct berry infection caused by conidia, and iii) berry-to-berry infection caused by mycelium originating from previously infected berries within the cluster (Elmer and Michailides, 2007; González-Domıń guez et al, 2015). The disease on ripening berries is traditionally controlled by repeated fungicide applications (González-Domıń guez et al, 2019)
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