Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance is an innate defense response in plants to a broad array of pathogens. Salicylic acid (SA) and non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes1 (NPR1) are key players in systemic acquired resistance. Previously we demonstrated the biological control agent Bacillus mycoides isolate BmJ controls Cercospora leaf spot of sugarbeet through induction of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and biphasic hydrogen peroxide production. Both of these factors are associated with SA- and NPR1-dependent resistance induction. Here we show BmJ treatment leads to monomerization of NPR1, a phenomenon observed with activation of defense in Arabidopsis. The identity of the NPR1 monomer was confirmed using MALDI-TOF-MS. In contrast to the Arabidopsis system, monomerization of NPR1 in sugarbeet is not preceded by SA accumulation when triggered by BmJ. The SA levels following BmJ treatment were equivalent with water and Bacillus pumulis isolate BMH5E-33 treatments. BMH5E-33 is a non-inducer of resistance. The timeline of NPR1 activation by BmJ (3 hours post application) coincides with the previously observed secondary burst of hydrogen peroxide elicited in sugarbeet by BmJ treatment. These observations suggest PR-proteins induced by BmJ are induced through a SA-independent, NPR1-dependent pathway similar to that reported for the systemic resistance inducer
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