Bioconjugate synthesis, phytochemical analysis, and optical activity of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for the removal of ciprofloxacin and Congo red from water

Muhammad Babar Taj,Sadia Aroob,Rida Fatima,Muneera D F Alkahtani,Heba Alshater,Nadiyah Alahmadi,Walla Alelwani,Ahmad Raheel,Rana Yahya,Sadia Noor,Matokah Abualnaja,Raja Hammad Ahmad,Saima Shabbir

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84983-3

Abstract

In this paper, Jr.NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized first time using the leaves extract of Juglans regia via a straightforward process. The physio and phytochemical analysis of plant confirm the presence of macromolecules which function as bio-reductant and stabilize the nanoparticles. The Jr.NiFe2O4 NPs were characterized by UV–visible, FTIR spectroscopy, PXRD pattern, SEM and TGA/DTA analysis. The nanoparticles proved to be optically active having a value of indirect bandgap of energy in the range of 1.53 eV. The Jr.NiFe2O4 NPs have the ability in scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) free radicals and showed 58.01% ± 1.2% scavenging activity at 100 µg/mL concentrations. The photocatalytic degradation study of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Congo red (CR) reveals that the highest degradation rate was acquired for CIP using pH = 3, at 254 nm, while 85% of removal rate was analysed for CR. The kinetic studies in case of CR removal followed pseudo-first-order model with thermodynamic parameters (∆G° = − 5.87 kJ mol−1 K, ΔH° = 1393.50 kJ mol−1 and ΔS° = 22.537 kJ mol−1 K) with error analysis. Overall, these data recommend an innovative inspiring application of a plant-mediated synthesis of Jr.NiFe2O4 NPs.

Highlights

In this paper, Jr.NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized first time using the leaves extract of Juglans regia via a straightforward process
According to our literature survey, there is no report of Juglans regia leaves extract mediated synthesis of nickel ferrite nanoparticles (Jr.NiFe2O4 NPs) and it’s potential to remove the CIP and Congo red (CR) dye from water, which is the subject of this paper
The organic compounds used in the formation and stabilization of ferrite nanoparticles have tacit through physio and phytochemical analysis of Juglans regia leaves extract

Summary

Introduction

Jr.NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized first time using the leaves extract of Juglans regia via a straightforward process. The kinetic studies in case of CR removal followed pseudo-firstorder model with thermodynamic parameters (∆G° = − 5.87 kJ m ol−1 K, ΔH° = 1393.50 kJ m ol−1 and ΔS° = 22.537 kJ m ol−1 K) with error analysis Overall, these data recommend an innovative inspiring application of a plant-mediated synthesis of Jr.NiFe2O4 NPs. Nanomaterials are beneficial and valuable material in multidisciplinary science[1]. According to our literature survey, there is no report of Juglans regia leaves extract mediated synthesis of nickel ferrite nanoparticles (Jr.NiFe2O4 NPs) and it’s potential to remove the CIP and CR dye from water, which is the subject of this paper. The physio and phytochemical analysis of Juglans regia leaves and the extract has discussed

Methods

Results

Conclusion