Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the biocompatibility of anionic collagen matrices, the local bone response following implantation in surgically-created bone defects, and also the influence of the collagen fiber orientation on the neoformed osseous tissue. Seventy two rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were used in this experiment. The animals were divided into four experimental groups: Group 1 (control), without implants; Group 2, pericardium medullar implants 12 hours; Group 3, medullar implants of tendon 24 hours, with the long axis of collagen fibers oriented parallel to the long axis of the tibia; and Group 4, medullar implants of tendon 24 hours, with the long axis of collagen fibers perpendicular to the long axis of the tibia. After the experimental surgery, the evolution of the repair process was microscopically evaluated at 7, 15, and 30 days post-surgery. The results demonstrated that the mplanted matrices are biocompatible and act as a scaffold inducing bone formation, mainly in the Group 4 animals. At first, cellularity follows the arrangement of collagen fibers, later obtaining a multidirectional growth.
Highlights
The destruction of bone tissue due to diseases or to incomplete bone healing after traumatic injuries can be treated by tissue engineering techniques
Bone tissue engineering is based on the use of a three-dimensional matrix to induce bone formation from the neighboring tissue or to act as a model for the implanted bone cells or other agents[10]
The results demonstrated the lack of dystrophic calcification and foreign body reaction, besides a low initial inflammatory response, confirming that there was removal of cells through hydrolysis[21]
Summary
The destruction of bone tissue due to diseases or to incomplete bone healing after traumatic injuries can be treated by tissue engineering techniques. Cytokine proteins, and gene therapies will be developed, which in conjunction with the appropriate carriers will regenerate bone defects or help in cases of defective healing[7]. Considering that most bone grafts are avascular and depend on diffusion, the size of the defect and the viability of the host can limit its applications. In large defects the grafts, may be resorbed by the body before complete osteogenesis[9,13]. Bone tissue engineering is based on the use of a three-dimensional matrix to induce bone formation from the neighboring tissue or to act as a model for the implanted bone cells or other agents[10] There are difficulties in operational time, lack of donating regions, morbidity of the donor associated to infection, pain and hematoma[23,26].
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