Abstract
Dental luting cements are commonly used in dentistry for cementation of prosthetic restoration. Many previous studies focused on the measurement of the cell viability as the method of cytotoxicity evaluation during biocompatibility study for the material. In this study, the biocompatibility of various dental luting cements were evaluated using the new method of cytokine release measurement in order to better simulate inflammatory reactions in animal or clinical model using two different oral cells; immortalized human gingival fibroblast and immortalized human oral keratinocytes. Cells were exposed to extractions of various commercially available dental luting cements for different durations. Cytokines of IL-1α and IL-8 were measured from the supernatants of the cells and the results were then compared to the conventional MTT viability test. The result from the conventional cell viability study showed a relatively simple and straight forward indication that only one of the dental luting cements tested in this study was cytotoxic with increasing duration of exposure for both cells. Meanwhile, the result from the cytokine measurement study was much more complex at the time point they were measured, type of cells used for the study and the type of cytokines measured, all of which influenced the interpretation of the results. Hence, the better understanding of the cytokine release would be required for the application in biocompatibility evaluation.
Highlights
Dental luting cements are commonly used in dentistry for cementation of prosthetic restoration, for which the selection of the right cement is important to achieve long-term success of fixed restoration [1]
Various luting cements are currently available in the market, including glass ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC), and resin-composite cement (RC), each with distinct characteristics [2]
Two different human oral cells were used in this study; immortalized human gingival fibroblast and immortalized human oral keratinocytes (IHOK)
Summary
Dental luting cements are commonly used in dentistry for cementation of prosthetic restoration, for which the selection of the right cement is important to achieve long-term success of fixed restoration [1]. RMGIC is a hybrid formulation between resin and glass ionomer components that retains the advantages of GIC, and provides better setting characteristics and improved mechanical properties compared to the conventional GIC [4]. Along with the above chemical and mechanical properties, biocompatibility of dental cement is an important requirement that is essential for the acceptance of the materials [6]. It has been reported that some dental luting cements are cytotoxic to the dental pulp cells and cause hypersensitivity in animal studies [7]. All of the previous studies focused on the viability of the cells as the method of cytotoxicity evaluation for dental cements, method which have often been criticized due to the poor correlation with either animal studies or clinical results, as it does not reflect inflammatory mechanisms of the body system [12]. The results were compared to the conventional viability test to suggest possible means of correlating the results
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