Abstract
This study evaluated the biocompatibility, biomineralization, and collagen fiber maturation induced by Resorbable Tissue Replacement (RTR®; β-tricalcium phosphate [TCP]), Bioglass (BIOG; bioactive glass), and DM Bone® (DMB; hydroxyapatite and β-TCP) in vivo. Sixty-four polyethylene tubes with or without (control group; CG) materials (n=8/group/period) were randomly implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of 16 male Wistar rats (four per rat), weighting 250 to 280 g. The rats were killed after 7 and 30 days (n=8), and the specimens were removed for analysis of inflammation using hematoxylin-eosin; biomineralization assay using von Kossa (VK) staining and polarized light (PL); and collagen fiber maturation using picrosirius red (PSR). Nonparametric data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests, and parametric data by one-way ANOVA test (p<0.05). At 7 days, all groups induced moderate inflammation (p>0.05). At 30 days, there was mild inflammation in the BIOG and CG, and moderate inflammation in the RTR and DMB groups, with a significant difference between the CG and RTR (p<0.05). The fibrous capsule was thick at 7 days and predominantly thin at 30 days in all groups. All materials exhibited structures that stained positively for VK and PL. Immature collagen fibers were predominant at 7 and 30 days in all groups (p>0.05), although DMB exhibited more mature fibers than BIOG at 30 days (p<0.05). RTR, BIOG, and DMB were biocompatible, inducing inflammation that reduced over time and biomineralization in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. DMB exhibited more mature collagen fibers than BIOG over a longer period.
Highlights
Bone grafting is one of the most common surgical procedures for orthopedic treatment and rehabilitation, bone healing of critical-size defects remains a challenge in the fields of surgery, and endodontics (1)
At 7 days after tube implantation, most of the specimens the control group (CG) and BIOG exhibited moderate inflammatory evaluated to determine the score of inflammation, and the infiltration, mainly of polymorphonuclear cells, such as operator would consensus if there were any differences
A greater number of immature collagen fibers were found at both time points in all groups, with a significant difference between BIOG and DM Bone® (DMB) group only at 30 days
Summary
Bone grafting is one of the most common surgical procedures for orthopedic treatment and rehabilitation, bone healing of critical-size defects remains a challenge in the fields of surgery, and endodontics (1). Other bone substitutes or biomaterials have been investigated due to cases with insufficient bone volume and possible morbidity caused to the donor site (4). Some biocompatible materials can induce the mineralization process in tissues and, when associated with tissue engineering techniques, have yielded encouraging outcomes in terms of bone formation (2,5). Synthetic biomaterials, such as β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and bioactive glass, have been proposed as bone graft replacement materials (6,7). Their clinical effectiveness has not yet been extensively demonstrated (3), these materials appear to exhibit high osteoconductive capacity (6)
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