Abstract
Phosphorylated chitooligosaccharides (P-COS) were prepared using a H3PO4, P2O5, Et3PO4 and hexanol solvent system. The P-COS were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermo gravimetric-Differential Thermal Analyzer (TG-DTA), 13C NMR, 31P NMR, X-ray diffraction analysis, solubility studies, biocompatibility and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity (ALP). The results reveal that phosphorylation occurred at the C3 and C6 position of OH groups and the C2 position of NH2 group. FT-IR confirmed no decomposition in pyranose ring in P-COS even with heating and treatment in acidic conditions. The amorphous nature of P-COS was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Further, the biocompatibility and alkaline phosphatase activity of P-COS were checked against the osteosarcoma MG63 cell line at different concentrations and no cytotoxicity was observed. After 12 h and 24 h of incubation, the ALP activity of P-COS was higher compared with the control group. These results suggest that P-COS is a biocompatible material and in future P-COS could open up a number of promising pharmaceutical and clinical applications to mankind.
Highlights
Natural polysaccharides are recommended as bioactive materials, because they possess excellent properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low-toxicity, adsorption properties, etc. [1].Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide consisting of β-(1→4)-2-acetamido-D-glucose and β-(1→4)-2-amino-D-glucose units derived from partial deacetylation of chitin [2,3,4]
We propose that use of the same solvent system H3PO4/P2O5/Et3PO4/hexanol for the molecular level phosphorylation of COS will increase its potential behavior in pharmaceutical applications
H3PO4/P2O5/Et3PO4/hexanol solvent system. 31P NMR results suggested that phosphorylation occurs at all the reactive positions of COS
Summary
Natural polysaccharides are recommended as bioactive materials, because they possess excellent properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, low-toxicity, adsorption properties, etc. [1]. Since the discovery of chitosan, several chemical modifications have been tried to improve its solubility and to increase its application [6]. COS are found to be more effective in inhibiting angiotensin converting enzymes [24] and potential inhibitors of calcium phosphate precipitation [25] The rationale for this is that chemical modification would keep the original physiochemical and biochemical properties of COS and at the same time allow out new additional properties [27]. We propose that use of the same solvent system H3PO4/P2O5/Et3PO4/hexanol for the molecular level phosphorylation of COS will increase its potential behavior in pharmaceutical applications. In this present study, we prepared five different molecular weight P-COS by using the. These results suggest that in the future, P-COS could open up a number of promising pharmaceutical and clinical applications to mankind
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