Bioclimatic Architecture in Madurese Vernacular House as an Eco-Energy Dwelling of the Past: Case Study of Bangsal Budaggan House

Abstract

Bioclimatic architecture is a method of adapting to the climate and utilizing natural elements of the local environment. In hot and humid tropical climates, this can be seen through natural shading and cooling strategies or known as eco-energy, especially in vernacular buildings. This paper aims to identify the bioclimatic architecture of the Madurese Vernacular House to develop passive design knowledge through visual observation techniques and measurement of the thermal environment as a form of eco-energy dwellings. The visual observation method was used to find the level of suitability of the bioclimatic design. The technique of measuring temperature and humidity outside and inside the building was used to evaluate the comfort of the thermal environment of eco-energy dwellings in the case study of the Bangsal Budaggan House, Pamekasan, Madura. The appropriate bioclimatic design elements in the Budaggan Ward House are the orientation of the building mass and openings, placement and form of open-plan dwelling; number, size, and type of windows; ample roof space. The evaluation of the eco-energy strategy (passive design) shows good cooling performance characterized by a comfortable average air temperature (28.1°C in the dwelling area), a decreased air temperature (0.7°C in the dwelling area), and a longer comfortable period (11 hours). Further development for eco-energy dwellings design in Bangsal Budaggan House can be done by improving the shading elements, materials, transition spaces, colors, and floor elevations.