Biochemistry of Vitamin B6 and PQQ

Abstract

History of Vitamin B6.- Molecular evolution.- Molecular evolution of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes.- Stereospecificity of aminotransferases for C-4' hydrogen transfer and enzyme evolution.- Detection of weak structural similarities among PLP dependent enzymes.- Aminotransferases.- Crystallographic studies on the Vitamin B6-assisted enzymic transamination reaction.- Redesign of aspartate aminotransferase specificity to that of tyrosine aminotransferase.- Enzyme-substrate interactions modulating protonation and tautomerization states of the aldimines of pyridoxal enzymes.- Functional role of the mobile stretch G1y36-Va137-Gly38 of porcine cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase.- Using 1H- and 15N-NMR spectroscopy to observe active sites of porcine cytosolic and Escherichia coli aspartate aminotransferases.- Aspartate aminotransferases like it hot.- Studies on the mechanism of action of D-amino acid transaminase.- Cytosolic factors and the twisting path from birth to berth in aspartate aminotransferases.- Mitochondrial protein import: Role of certain domains of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase.- Cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase: Tissue-specific hormonal regulation of a housekeeping gene promoter.- Regulation by glucagon of serine: pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase gene expression in cultured hepatocytes.- Glutamate 1-semialdehyde aminotransferase, a unique enzyme in chlorophyll biosynthesis.- Mechanism of glutamate semialdehyde aminotransferase probed with substrate analogues.- Tryptophan-synthase and decarboxylases.- Crystallographic and kinetic studies of the tryptophan synthase ?2?2 complex with a mutation in ? subunit lysine-87 that binds pyridoxal phosphate.- The roles of chemical transformation, loop closure, tunnel function and metal ion activation in the tryptophan synthase mechanism.- Effects of monovalent cations on functional properties of the tryptophan synthase ?2?2 complex in solution and in the crystal.- The long-range effect on the mutual activation of the a and ? subunits in the ?2?2 complex of tryptophan synthase.- X-ray structure, sequence and solution properties of ornithine decarboxylase from Lactobacillus 30a.- Dialkylglycine decarboxylase structure: Alkali metal binding sites and bifunctional active site.- The location and role of active-site bases in PLP-dependent decarboxylase enzymes as deduced from stereochemical and kinetic studies.- GuCl-induced unfolding of pig kidney dopa decarbocylase: Evidence for a multistate process.- Phosphorylases.- The transition state complex in the phosphorylase catalyzed reaction.- Binding mode of glucans to ?-glucan phosphorylase isozymes and their chimeric enzymes.- Slow conformational transitions of muscle glycogen phosphorylase b.- Other pyridoxal-dependent enzymes.- X-ray study of tryptophanase at 2.1 A resolution.- Crystallographic studies of tyrosine phenol-lyase.- Studies of the mechanism of tyrosine phenol-lyase: Kinetics and site-directed mutagenesis.- The role of pyridoxal phosphate in the refolding of serine hydroxymethyltransferase.- The mechanism of O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Salmonella typhimurium.- Involvement of PLP in biological formation iron-sulfur clusters.- Iron-sulfur clusters as alternatives to pyridoxal-5'-phosphate in bacterial L-serine dehydratases: Cloning of the gene encoding the ?-subunit of the enzyme from Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus.- Phosphorescence of pyridoxal kinase at room temperature: The effects of ligands bound to the nucleotide site.- The Schiff base of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate with ethylenediamine and ethylamine: Species in solution.- Amine oxidases.- Biological role and reactivity of TPQ containing amine oxidases.- Two distinct quinoprotein amine oxidases are functioning in Aspergillus niger.- The catalytic competence of cobalt-time oxidase.- Mechanistic studies of copper/topa amine oxidases.- Design, synthesis and evaluation of mechanism-based inhibitors of copper amine oxidases.- Copper ion-dependent biogenesis of topa quinone cofactor covalently bound to bacterial monoamine oxidase.- Modulation of lysyl oxidase activity toward peptidyl lysine by vicinal dicarboxylic amino acid residues.- Quinoprotein dehydrogenases.- The structure and function of quinoprotein dehydrogenases.- Quinoprotein oxidoreductases for the oxidation of alcohols, sugars and amines.- The ternary complex between methylamine dehydrogenase, amicyanin and cytochrome C55li.- Model studies directed toward the action of quinoprotein methanol dehydrogenase.- Molecular physiology.- Nutritional aspects of vitamin B6: Requirements, recommendations and intake.- Vitamin B6 transport and metabolism: Clues for delivery of bioactive compounds.- Vitamin B6 modulation of steroid receptor-mediated gene expression.- Molecular pathology.- Pyridoxine (vitamin B6), neurotransmitters and hypertension.- A liver enzyme, serine:pyruvate/alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase and its mutant in a primary hyperoxaluria type I case.- Pyridoxal phosphate, GABA and seizure susceptibility.- Monoclonal antibodies to bovine brain GABA transaminase.- Effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on the SLE-like (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus) disease in MRL-1pr/lpr mice.- Conclusions.