Abstract
Grapevines are used to be trained to different systems, while there is a paucity of literature on the main cordon disposition with regards to grape quality, especially grafted on to different rootstocks. Therefore, a field experiment took place in the city of São Manuel, state of São Paulo, Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of the ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapes by training them to vertical shoot position (VSP) system with unilateral and bilateral cordons grafted on to rootstocks during two crop seasons (2015 and 2016). To assess the data, a 22 factorial setup organized in a randomized complete block design was used, corresponding to two rootstocks (‘IAC 766 Campinas’ and ‘IAC 572 Jales’) and two cordons (unilateral and bilateral cordon). The variables assessed were the content of soluble solids, titratable acidity, fruit-ripeness index, reducing sugars, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, anthocyanins, antioxidant activity via DPPH and FRAP. Results indicated that ‘IAC 766 Campinas’ rootstock and bilateral cordon improved the chemical quality in grapes, especially the contents of anthocyanins and sugars. This management practice should be selected when growing ‘Niágara Rosada’ grapes, provided that there is an influence in the quality of the final product.
Highlights
In 2018, Brazil produced about 1.591 million tons of grapes, which 51% was destined to beverages industry and 49% to table consumption
Some studies have already demonstrated higher levels for SS and Titratable acidity (TA) in ‘Niagara Rosada’ grafted on to ‘IAC 766’, when compared to ‘IAC’ 572’ (Mota et al, 2009). Those traits are highly influenced by weather conditions and soil attributes (Gutiérrez-Gamboa et al, 2018). This current study indicated potential harvest with a well-balanced fruit ripeness and acidity in ‘Niagara Rosada’ grape must, regardless of the management practice
Previous studies presented high sugar content in hybrids, such as ‘Isabel Precoce’, ‘BRS Cora’ and ‘IAC 138-22 Maximo’ grafted on to ‘IAC 766’ rootstock (Silva et al, 2019). These outcomes are related to distinct rootstock conferred vigor, that is, there is a difference in their needs related to water and nutrient uptake (Tecchio et al, 2014), which can affect grape yields and quality
Summary
In 2018, Brazil produced about 1.591 million tons of grapes, which 51% was destined to beverages industry and 49% to table consumption. Besides that, ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapes has been accounted for 60% table consumption (Carvalho et al, 2020). Brazil and other tropical countries have already researched the rootstocks and scion relation with regards to grape yields and post-harvest quality, which is mainly related to antioxidant compounds (Borges et al, 2013). The quality of the grape is somehow related to the edaphoclimatic conditions, scion/rootstock compatibility (Silva et al, 2019) and training system. The balance between vegetative and reproductive activity interferes in the bioactive compound concentrations, such as (poly)phenols in the final quality of grapes and their derivatives (Borges et al, 2013)
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