Abstract
In modern veterinary medicine, the simultaneous occurrence of chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease is often found. However, the cause and effect often exchange places, which creates great difficulties in the animals’ treatment. Chlofusan acts on both systems. It improves cardiac and renal functions by means of providing cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects. Models of chronic heart failure and chronic kidney disease in rats provide important information on the pathophysiology of these diseases in other animal species, and the assessment of changes in the biochemical analysis of blood makes it possible to assess the state of the heart and kidneys in the study. In the course of research, the results of rat biochemical analysis were studied on models of chronic heart and kidney failure with the introduction of an exogenous nitric oxide donor. Chlofuzan contributes to a partial balance restoration of biochemical blood parameters in rats, which indicates the restoration of the mutual work of the heart and kidneys.
Highlights
A relationship has been established between the course of chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic renal disease (CKD), which is accompanied by a worsening prognosis of patient survival. [1,2,3]
The biochemical parameters of rats in the CHF model are presented in table 1
CHF causes a significant increase in AST and a slight ALT, the AST/ALT ratio in CHF is always greatly increased, which allows us to differentiate cardiac pathology from hepatic pathology
Summary
A relationship has been established between the course of chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic renal disease (CKD), which is accompanied by a worsening prognosis of patient survival. [1,2,3]CHF is a syndrome in which the heart does not provide sufficient blood circulation to meet the metabolic needs of the body, it accompanies almost all heart diseases. [4, 5]CKD is a syndrome resulting from an irreversible progressive decrease in renal function due to a decrease in the mass of functioning parenchyma concomitant with metabolic disorders and further development of pathology of a number of organs and systems. [6,7,8,9]Modern medicine emphasizes the bi-directional nature of cardio-renal interaction and extensive interconnected disorders; the heart and kidneys, acting in tandem, regulate blood pressure, vascular tone, diuresis, natriuresis, intravascular volume homeostasis, peripheral tissue perfusion and oxygenation. [2, 3]Very often veterinarians come across animals that have concomitant CHF and CKD. A relationship has been established between the course of chronic heart failure (CHF) and chronic renal disease (CKD), which is accompanied by a worsening prognosis of patient survival. In some patients with severe renal artery stenosis, acute heart failure is clinically manifested due to volume and pressure overload. The decompensated stage of heart failure, cardiac ischemia and arrhythmia can lead to acute renal impairment due to insufficient filling of the renal artery and a decrease in renal blood flow, secondary to low cardiac output. Cardiorenal syndrome is a pathophysiological disorder of the heart and kidneys in which one organ’s acute or chronic dysfunction leads to the other’s acute or chronic dysfunction. Cardiorenal syndrome includes acute and chronic disorders in which the heart and kidneys can be the primary affected organ. Cardiorenal syndrome includes acute and chronic disorders in which the heart and kidneys can be the primary affected organ. [3, 12]
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