Biochemical Investigation to Determine the Factors Involved in Renal Failure Formation for Dialysis Patients

Abstract

Renal failure is on the top list of kidney diseases as being frequently reported in many medical facilities around the globe. Human kidneys play an important role in excreting, reabsorbing, secreting and filtrating substances in the body. Healthy kidney must excrete the waste products of the body in urine and preserve albumin, and other useful substances in the body. The current study aims to figure out the expected factors of renal failure formation in dialysis patients. Likewise, it is designed to search for any correlation between the imbalanced levels of electrolytes and kidney deterioration. The current study was conducted in Ramadi city-Iraq with the assistance of Al-Ramadi Educational Hospital (REH). The (14th) samples of renal failure patients were collected from dialysis unit at (REH). (2-3 mL) of blood was taken from a patient’s vein. The serum was separated from plasma with the use of a centrifuge. All samples were undergone centrifuging for (4-7 min) at (550 rpm). Afterward, samples were subjected to biochemical examinations to determine the levels and quantities of some biochemical elements and other substances in the selected cases. It was found that some patients had been recorded with a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), high HbA1c level (˃ 6.5 mg/dL) (21.5%), anemia (˂ 12.0 mg/dL) (%100) in women and (˂ 13.5 mg/dL) in men (%100), Uremia (˃ 45mg/dL) (%100), hypercalcemia (˃10.5 mg/dL) (%7.14), hyperkalemia (˃ 5.1 mg/dL) (%92.8), and Hypernatremia (˃145 mg/dL) (%28.5). Some results obtained, imbalanced levels of the mentioned substances, are either progressed with kidney deterioration, or they are the causes of renal failure. Changes in the levels of some blood substances were observed, and positive results were obtained regarding the aim of the study. Levels or quantities of some blood substances play an important role in preserving kidneys good performance. For instance, when the level of glucose in blood raises, a severe damage to the blood vessels of the kidney takes place and results in poor kidney's performance. While, an increment in the K serum level causes a sudden cardiac death. Changing in some levels and quantities of blood substances could be a core cause of renal failure formation, however, some of them develops when kidney deteriorates.