Biochemical effects of Cigarettes Smoking on Liver functions of Sudanese diabetics smokers

Abstract

The present study was conducted in Khartoum state (Sudan) as a cross-sectional study in 200 participants (100 smokers and 100 non-smokers), to investigate the effects of Cigarettes Smoking on Liver functions of Sudanese smokers. The smokers were categorized into either current smokers (70 participants) or past smokers (30 Participants). Parameters were analyzed by using spectrophotometer. From the results, the levels of liver function tests (TB, Albumin and globulin) were significantly higher in non-smokers (6.0, 3.6 and 2.43 g/dl) as compared to current smokers (4.4, 2.4 and 1.98 g/dl) and past smokers (4.7, 2.7 and 1.93 g/dl). Meanwhile, ALT was significantly increased in current and past smokers as compared to non-smokers, where as AST was significantly higher in current smokers as compared to non-smokers, while there was no significant difference between current and past smokers as well as between past and non-smokers for this parameter. In addition, heavy and long duration of smoking were both associated with low total protein, albumin and AST levels .Also liver function tests were not significantly differing in current smoker's non-diabetics and non-smokers diabetics except total protein. From the results when, liver enzymes raised that may lead to increase proteins metabolism and increase blood glucose. These signs may place cigarettes smoking one of the top causes of hepatitis, pancreatitis, insulin resistance and finally diabetes mellitus type II. On the other hand, smoking cessation in diabetics lead to decrease the risk of hepatitis, Also regular physical activity and using medication regularly in diabetics lead to the same actions above; in addition diabetes complications were decreased.