Biochemical changes in diabetic rats treated with ethanolic extract of Chysophyllum albidum fruit-skin

Samuel Ogheneovo Asagba,Helen Ejiro Kadiri,Theresa Ezedom

doi:10.1186/s41936-019-0118-y

Samuel Ogheneovo Asagba, Helen Ejiro Kadiri + Show 1 more

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https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-019-0118-y

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Abstract

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus (DM), also known as diabetes, involves a group of metabolic disorders in which blood sugar levels are high over a prolonged period. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of 21 days administration of 100 and 200 mg per kg bodyweight of ethanolic extract of Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) fruit-skin on streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic Wistar albino rats. A randomized control trial was used. Diabetic state of test rats was induced with streptozotocin at a dose of 60 mg streptozotocin/kg body using saline (0.9% w/v NaCl) as vehicle. Upon confirmation of diabetic state, crude ethanolic extract of C. albidum was dissolved in citrate buffer at pH 4.2 before administration to the rats at specific doses.ResultsResults show a significant (p < 0.05) decreased in the level of plasma creatinine and insulin but increased level of glucose in diabetic rats relative to control. Induction of diabetes significantly increased the activities of alanine aminotransferases and aspartate aminotransferases in the liver and kidney and activities of both enzymes were also correspondingly increased in the plasma. There was significant increase in the level of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride, but decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in the test rats. Results also show alterations in the antioxidant status of experimental rats. The diabetic-induced changes were reversed in diabetic rats upon administration of C. albidum extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight to levels comparable with control.ConclusionThe findings obtained revealed that ethanolic extract of C. albidum fruit-skin at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight reversed the effect of diabetes due to its antihyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic and antioxidant properties. The antidiabetic effect of the extract may be due to its abundant flavonoid and alkaloid contents.

Highlights

Diabetes mellitus (DM), known as diabetes, involves a group of metabolic disorders in which blood sugar levels are high over a prolonged period
Asagba et al The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology (2019) 80:42 metabolism, especially an increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation, which is responsible for increased incidence of atherosclerosis, a major cause of mortality among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (Alloubani, Saleh, & Abdelhafiz, 2018; Einarson, Acs, Ludwig, & Panton, 2018; Sarfo, Mobula, Plange-Rhule, Ansong, & Ofori-Adjei, 2018; Yandrapalli, Jolly, Horblitt, Sanaani, & Aronow, 2017)
African star apple fruit (Chrysophylum albidum) known as cherry is primarily a forest tree species that belongs to the family Sapotaceace and its natural occurrences have been reported in diverse ecological zones in Nigeria, Niger Republic, Uganda, Cameroon and Cote d’Ivore (Bada, 1997)

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Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM), known as diabetes, involves a group of metabolic disorders in which blood sugar levels are high over a prolonged period. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of 21 days administration of 100 and 200 mg per kg bodyweight of ethanolic extract of Chrysophyllum albidum (African star apple) fruit-skin on streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic Wistar albino rats. Persistent hyperglycaemia causes increased free radical production in the tissues from glucose autooxidation, protein glycosylation, impaired glutathione metabolism, alteration in antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxides formation, increased serum aminotransferases (ALT and AST) and decreased ascorbic acid levels (Asmat, Abad, & Ismail, 2016; Lapena, Ciofani, Calafiore, Cipollone, & Porreca, 2018; Sheweita, Mashaly, Newairy, Abdou, & Eweda, 2016). Cherry is commonly used as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent by traditional medicine practitioners in Nigeria (Idowu, Iwalewa, Aderogba, Akinpelu, & Ogundaini, 2006)

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