Abstract
(1) The peripheral metabolism of alcohol has implications for CNS function beyond removal of ethanol from the circulation. (2) The activity of many enzymes is altered because of the presence of ethanol and acetaldehyde or because of the increased NADH/NAD ratio. Examples of this are found in cholesterol, steroid hormone, and neurotransmitter metabolism. CNS metabolism and function may in turn be altered by these peripheral events. This concept is termed “amplification” since a relatively inactive compound, such as acetaldehyde, may give rise to much more potent endogenous aldehydes by virtue of inhibition of the metabolism of these aldehydes. (3) The chemistry of ethanol preference, CNS depression, and addiction are reviewed, with emphasis on the enzymology involved. The importance of establishing dose-response relationships in this area is stressed.
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