Biochemical and ultrastructural study of the disruption of blood platelets by streptolysin O

Abstract

The membrane-damaging protein toxin, streptolysin O, proved highly lytic on human, guinea-pig and rabbit platelets. About 15 molecules of toxin were sufficient to lyse one cell. Platelet disruption was assessed by electron microscopy, clearing of cell suspensions and assay of lactate dehydrogenase, serotonin, monoamine oxidase and glutathione peroxidase released in the extracellular fluid. This egress reflected the damage of both plasmic and organelle membranes. A quantitative study of lactate dehydrogenase and serotonin liberation taken as respective markers of the cytosol and dense bodies was undertaken as a function of toxin concentration. No platelet aggregation or shape change was elicited by streptolysin O. The ghosts resulting from platelet lysis retained properties of the native membrane such as aggregability and serotonin uptake. Dense bodies were easily separated after gentle disruption of the plasmic membrane by small amounts of toxin. Platelet lysis by streptolysin O proved a useful procedure for the determination of protein content, enzyme activities and serotonin assay on the same lysate in contrast to usual methods.