Abstract
Diazepam is a medicine of the family benzodiazepine, used to treat various CNS disorders. To date, no study is available for biochemical analysis of diazepam in cardiac dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the effect of diazepam in stress-induced cardiac dysfunctions in rats. Male Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups with six animals in each group for 90 days of the experimental protocol. Group1 served as a Normal Control (NC), Groups 2, as a Disease Control (DC), Group 3 as a Diazepam Control (DIC), and Group 4 as a Disease + Diazepam Treatment (DDT). Disease Control and Disease + Diazepam Treatment animals exposed to regular stress by forced swimming exercise method for 3 months. Diazepam Control and Disease + Diazepam Treatment received 5 mg/kg/p.o the daily dose of diazepam. At the end of the protocol, animals were sacrificed, heart preserved, blood collected, and utilized for biochemical estimations. Heart weight was increased in DC as compared to NC. Serum levels of cardiac biomarkers, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine kinase-MB (CPK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and troponin I (TnI) were significantly increased in DC as compared to NC. Heart tissue examined for histological changes. The altered serum levels of CPK, CPK-MB, LDH, hs-CRP, and TnI were significantly restored by the treatment of diazepam. Serum levels of Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, and Magnesium was increased in DC animals as compared to NC. The altered ionic level was also restored by the treatment of diazepam. Level of various cardiac markers and ions in the plasma were also slightly elevated in DIC. Histopathological studies are also in agreement with serological examinations and bonafide cardioprotective influences of diazepam in cardiac dysfunction. Conclusively research findings endorse the cardioprotective effect of diazepam in stress-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disorders is a main health issue of concern, as it covers the major economic burden of worldwide
Weight of heart in Group 4 (DDT) animals was restored to the normal level by diazepam 515 ± 5.35 mg as compared to Disease Control (DC) with the level of significance was p < 0.01 as compared to DC animals (Table 1)
For induction of cardiac dysfunction, Disease Control animals and Disease + Diazepam Treatment animals exposed to daily regular stress for half an hour by forced swimming exercise method for 3 months [20,21]
Summary
Cardiovascular disorders is a main health issue of concern, as it covers the major economic burden of worldwide. It accounts for greater than half of overall mortalities in the developed nations [1]. The cardiovascular disorders incidence is mainly linked with some risk factors like lack of physical activity, smoking, overweight, hypertension, stress, hypercholesterolemia, hyperinsulinemia, to name a few [2,3]. It is one of the major causes of disability and mortality in the world. According to previous studies, such stress is one of the prominent factor may lead to induction of various diseases such as infection, injury, cardiovascular morbidity, psychiatric disorders, and several autoimmune diseases and death [6,7]
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