Abstract
We researched the influence of the additive Chlorella cultivated in a closed bioreactor under the influence of an electrostatistic field, on the biochemical and hematological parameters of blood in different age groups of cattle. The experiment was conducted on two groups of three month old heifers and two groups of lactating cows in the 7th month of lactation, with 15 individuals in each group; all animals in the groups were given the basic diet. During the 120-day experiment, the experimental group of heifers was fed on a suspension of Chlorella cultivated with the technology using an electrostatic field, in the following amounts: 1–30th day – 1.51 g, 31–60th day – 1.82 g, 61–90th day – 2.01 g, 91–120th day – 2.28 g of dry substance per individual daily; the group of lactating cows during 60 days was given the Chlorella additive to the amount of 6 g of dry substance per individual per day. Over the following 30 days the heifers and lactating cows were kept under observation to determine the “aftereffects” of the Chlorella suspension fodder additive. On the first day of the experiment and after every 30 days, blood was drawn from the animals’ jugular veins for determination of the biochemical and hematological parameters of the blood During the experiment, the experimental groups of heifers and lactating cows were observed to have a strengthened antioxidant system due to increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and also to have a strengthened hematopoietic function and intensified metabolic and redox processes. Due to the stimulating effect of the suspension of Chlorella cultivated using the intense technology involving using an electrostatic field on the erythro- and leukopoiesis of different age groups of the cattle, we determined a strengthening of the cellular element of the animals’ immune system. During the following 30 days, the heifers and lactating cows of the experimental groups were observed to exhibit “aftereffects” of the Chlorella suspension additive, namely increases in the values of biochemical, hematological and morphological indicators of the blood in comparison with these indicators for the animals in the control groups. As a result, we concluded that feeding different age groups of cattle with suspension of Chlorella cultivated in the conditions of a closed bioreactor under the influence of an electrostatic field, in the dosage of 155 ml per kg of dry substance of the animals’ diet, contributes to the strengthening of non-specific defence of their organism, forming a potential for increasing the productive indicators and maintenance of the livestock.
Highlights
A promising method of improving the efficiency of the indicators of productivity of agricultural livestock is improving their digestion of fodder, which is achieved through adding a broad spectrum of highly biologically active micro-nutrients
The results of the study showed that the proportion of different forms of leukocytes in the blood of heifers from the control and experimental groups was within the physiological norm throughout the experiment (Table 2)
At all stages of the experiment, we found no basophils in the blood of heifers and lactating cows of the experimental groups, which indicates absence of allergic reactions in the organism, such as allergic reactions to fodder elements, including Chlorella suspension (Kondrahin, 2004; Karasuyama et al, 2011)
Summary
A promising method of improving the efficiency of the indicators of productivity of agricultural livestock is improving their digestion of fodder, which is achieved through adding a broad spectrum of highly biologically active micro-nutrients. It is known that the natural food additives made of algae possess a broad spectrum of biologically active substances with high biological accessibility for the organism of cattle. One such additive is suspension of Chlorella. The latter is one of the most widely cultivated eukaryotic green microalgae and is grown to be used as an additive to the food of animals and humans, and is used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetological industries all around the world, especially in Asian countries, such as Japan, Taiwan, and Korea (Ogbonna, 1997; Lee, 2001; Pulz & Gross, 2004; Becker, 2006; Spolaore, 2006; Bishop & Zubeck, 2012; Lum et al, 2013; Guccione, 2014; Costa et al, 2016). The microalgae contains peptides, alkaloids, polysaccharides, which can be used as both antimicrobial and antibacterial substances, and likewise, Chlorella has antioxidant properties, for it contains antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase (Shibata et al, 2003; Lee et al, 2010; Aliahmat et al, 2012; Zheng et al, 2012; Flerova & Bogdanova, 2014)
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