Biochemical and cytological studies of Typha domingensis used for bioethanol production

Abstract

AbstractTypha domingensis (cattails) is an emergent invasive aquatic macrophyte; it belongs to Typhaceae family inhabiting multiple Egyptian water bodies like rivers, lakes, and wetlands. Due to the scarcity of food, the depletion of fossil fuels, population growth, and increased industrial development, sustainable renewable bioenergy production has gained a lot of attention lately. Typha is an excellent lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production because it does not compete with food but rather endangers aquatic life and prevents water from flowing through drainage channels and canals, which rises evapotranspiration. Although it is beneficial in phytoremediation, its removal is a necessity due to previous reasons. Chemical pretreatment has been widely used to degrade complex chains of lignocellulosic materials. Enzymatic hydrolysis is used to enhance fermentable sugars production from cellulose. Fermentation process has been conducted by yeast for centuries. Saccharomyces cerevisiae tolerance to ethanol can be increased by mutation; it is induced either chemically, physically, or biologically. Geneticists frequently utilize gamma radiation, one of the physical mutagenesis mechanisms, to change the DNA of microorganisms. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is concerned with examination and analysis of microstructure morphology and chemical composition. Changes in internal organelles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae after mutation has been tracked using transmission electron microscope (TEM) in order to distinguish between native and mutant yeast and to examine their ultrastructural changes.