Abstract
The article presents results of the research on the use of chars produced during pyrolysis of residual biomass as a substitutional fuel in the iron ore sintering process. Such an approach allows to implement circular economy and industrial symbiosis to the iron and steel branches. The effect of the substitution of conventional coke breeze fuel used in sintering on final sinter quality and emission was examined. With regard to productivity, fuel consumption, and properties of the sinter it was shown that the share of tested biochars in fuel may be kept at 10, and up to 30 wt.%, depending on the biochar type. It was observed that with the use of the biochars, the content of iron oxide in the sinter decreased, which was advantageous. Moreover, the sinter obtained in the presence of biochars was characterized with better strength and abrasion than the sinter obtained with coke breeze-based fuel, improving the final product quality. The presence of biochar influenced the raw exhaust gas composition and resulted in a slight increase of organic and inorganic carbon compounds content, while the amount of sulfur oxides was noticeably decreased. It was concluded that the biochars may be applied in the sintering process at established share in the fuel stream.
Highlights
Nowadays, the concept of circular economy has become the fundamental economy model of developed regions, and it is spread and intensively implemented all over the world [1,2]
The results obtained during the discussed research allow us to conclude that: 1. The application of pyrolysis to processing of residual biomass enables obtaining of useable fuel for iron ores sintering processes, which can substitute the conventional fuel, i.e., coke breeze
The improvement of environmental effect in the form of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission limitation in the proposed solution results from the fact that the emission, which results from the combustion of volatile components released during pyrolysis, is regarded as the emission from renewable sources, and the same approach is stated for chars derived from residual biomass
Summary
The concept of circular economy has become the fundamental economy model of developed regions, and it is spread and intensively implemented all over the world [1,2]. One of its most important aspects is to increase the rate of reuse, recycling, and recovery of resources, which allows for the optimum utilization of available raw materials, residues, and wastes and results in energy saving and reduction of environmental emissions, especially greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere [3]. Due to this fact, actions related with the circular economy approach are implemented to metallurgical processes, which are regarded as some of the most energy-demanding and materialsconsuming industrial branches. In this route, carbon sources are of great importance, as, in modern electric arc furnaces, the share of energy input from fossil fuels such as natural gas and coal is over 40% of the total energy input
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