Abstract
The contaminated soil has become a global problem for agricultural and environmental scientists. The soil as a natural resource is polluted by cadmium as a heavy metals from the different sources such as phosphorus fertilizers. The aim of this study was to investigate the biochar effect on absorption factor (AF) and translocation factor (TF) as the phytoremediation factors at different cadmium concentrations by lavender plant. The experiment was conducted in 3 × 4 factorial design including biochar treatment at the volumetric percentage ratio of 0%, 20% and 40% v/v and cadmium treatment at 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg Cd⋅kg−1 soil under greenhouse condition. The data analysis indicated that the biochar and cadmium treatments significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected the plant dry biomass. The biochar addition caused to decrease the cadmium content of the root tissue. Biochar decreased cadmium uptake by lavender plant and also cadmium was accumulated by the root tissue and was prevented to translocate cadmium into the shoot tissue. Increasing cadmium concentration in soil caused an increase in cadmium adsorption factor however there was a significant decrease for translocation factor. It can be concluded to consider the possibility of planting the lavender with biochar application to amend the cadmium contaminated soils.
Highlights
IntroductionPhytoremediation is used for removing the contaminated material such as cadmium from the water and soil by plants
This study presented that the toxic effect of cadmium concentration in the soil on the lavender plant was reduced by the biochar addition
The results revealed the biochar effect on cadmium available in the soil solution because the biochar characteristics such as surface area and cation exchange capacity (CEC) could improve the soil properties and thereby the lavender plant could withstand the high cadmium concentration by applying biochar
Summary
Phytoremediation is used for removing the contaminated material such as cadmium from the water and soil by plants. The heavy metals are contaminants which accumulated in soil, water and plants. Cadmium is considered one of the major contaminants in environment and its general amount is increasing in soil and water by using phosphorus fertilizers and wastewater especially in semi-arid and arid regions. Thereby its removal from soil is receiving wide attention because of the discharge of that contaminant is evidenced in the growth of plants and crops. Phytoremediation is considered as an environmental friendly, cost-effective and inventive method to decrease heavy metals risk in soils [2] [3] [4]. Lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.) is an aromatic plant and can grow in contaminated soils without any decreasing in its final product. The final product will be free from heavy metals [2]
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