Biochar and swine wastewater: Effects on soil fertility of different textures and corn nutrition

Erivelton Gonçalves Da Cunha,Renato Ribeiro Passos,Rebyson Bissaco Guidinelle,Otacilio José Passos Rangel

doi:10.1590/0034-737x202168060011

Abstract

The use of organic waste in agriculture has stimulated the search for technologies that reduce environmental pollution. Among the residues are the biochar and swine wastewater (SW), which incorrectly disposed cause negative impacts, however, when combined, they can enhance agricultural production, due to the synergism between both. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the influence of doses of biochar, from conilon coffee straw, combined or not with swine wastewater diluted to 50% (SW50%), on the nutrient content in medium and clayey texture soils and in the corn plant tissue. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with five doses of biochar, two irrigation waters and two soils, with three repetitions. The pH, P, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Zn+2 and Na+ in the soil and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Na in plant were evaluated. The addition of biochar in doses linearly increased the levels of P and K+ in both soil textures, with synergy when irrigated with SW50%. The SW50% provided a nutrients increase in the corn plant tissue. The agricultural use of biochar from conilon coffee straw was important to increase the content of P and, mainly, K in the aerial part of corn.

Highlights

The use of residues from agricultural activities in agriculture has been constantly studied by researchers in search of improvements in environmental conservation and productivity, mainly related to the cycling of nutrients and the increase of soil organic matter (Pires & Mattiazzo, 2008).Biochar is the product obtained from the thermal decomposition of organic waste, in an environment with low oxygen availability and temperatures that can vary from 250 to 700 oC, by the pyrolysis process (Lehmann & Joseph, 2015)
Corroborating this statement is the conclusion of the work by Alvarenga (2019), where the increase in the K content available in the soil was directly proportional to the doses of coffee straw biochars applied, reinforcing the evidence there is the work developed by Fonseca et al (2020), where the authors concluded that coffee straw biochars are efficient in promoting the optimization of phosphate fertilization, providing the largest accumulation of phosphorus in the aerial part of plants
The experiment was implemented in a 5x2x2 factorial scheme, with five doses of biochar conilon coffee straw (Coffea canephora), two irrigation waters and two soil textures

Summary

Introduction

The use of residues from agricultural activities in agriculture has been constantly studied by researchers in search of improvements in environmental conservation and productivity, mainly related to the cycling of nutrients and the increase of soil organic matter (Pires & Mattiazzo, 2008).Biochar is the product obtained from the thermal decomposition of organic waste, in an environment with low oxygen availability and temperatures that can vary from 250 to 700 oC, by the pyrolysis process (Lehmann & Joseph, 2015). According to Barbosa (2016), the biochar from coffee straw has a high concentration of potassium and phosphorus, enhancing its use in agriculture. Corroborating this statement is the conclusion of the work by Alvarenga (2019), where the increase in the K content available in the soil was directly proportional to the doses of coffee straw biochars applied, reinforcing the evidence there is the work developed by Fonseca et al (2020), where the authors concluded that coffee straw biochars are efficient in promoting the optimization of phosphate fertilization, providing the largest accumulation of phosphorus in the aerial part of plants

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Conclusion