Abstract
Ice-templating combined with indirect 3D printing is proposed as a promising method for preparation of scaffolds with multiscale porosity, including a well-defined interconnected macro-channel network. Robocasting was used as a comparative technique to produce scaffolds with comparable porosity at the introduced macroporosity and the inter-grain microporosity levels. Porosity, phase composition and mechanical stability were measured and compared for bio-scaffolds prepared by both techniques. Comparable total porosities could only be achieved in robocasting by choosing a significantly lower sintering temperature (950 °C vs. 1200 °C). The compressive strength of robocast scaffolds was significantly greater (6.5 ± 1.19 MPa vs. 2.3 ± 1.00 MPa, respectively). However, the increased level of interconnected multiscale porosity coupled to a finer grain size of ice-templated samples sintered at 1200 °C (∼ 500 nm vs. 2.5 μm for robocast parts) could prove to be beneficial for the development of highly porous bioactive scaffolds with enhanced biological performance.
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