Biocenosis management in the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pharynx

Abstract

The article deals with the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases of the oropharynx, which are an essential part of ENT pathology and are one of the main therapeutic and diagnostic tasks for an otorhinolaryngologist both on an outpatient basis and at the inpatient stage of medical care. It is known that most acute pharyngeal diseases have a viral etiology, do not have etiotropic treatment, and are treated mainly symptomatically. Nevertheless, many patients are irrationally prescribed systemic antibiotic therapy, which leads to an increase in global antibiotic resistance. There are known patterns of correlation between the practice of irrational prescribing of antibacterial therapy and peaks of antibiotic resistance in different countries. At the same time, local antimicrobials are often prescribed, many of which have a negative effect on the pharyngeal microbiome and contribute to bacterial superinfection. The appointment of this group of drugs is also unjustified, given the viral etiology of the pathological process. Acute infections of the upper respiratory tract, including the pharynx, often occur against the background of violation of mucosal immunity, which is the first barrier in the system of protection against respiratory infections. In the treatment of these diseases, it is important to use drugs that not only have antimicrobial properties, but also stimulate mucosal immunity and reparative processes. The solution in this situation can be the therapeutic use of various factors of local immunity that will not cause antibiotic resistance and bacterial superinfection, but will act synergistically with autologous factors of mucosal protection. This article provides an analysis of prospects of using one of such drugs in inflammatory pharynx diseases.