Abstract
Cell suspension culture using mycelia as whole cell biocatalyst for production of orange Monascus pigments has been carried out successfully in a nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution. Thus, selection of mycelia as whole cell biocatalyst and the corresponding enzymatic kinetics for production of orange Monascus pigments can be optimized independently. Mycelia selected from submerged culture in a nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution with low pH 2.5 exhibits robust bioactivity. At the same time, enzymatic kinetic study shows that the bioactivity of mycelia as whole cell biocatalyst is sensitive to high product concentration. Segregation of product from mycelia by cell suspension culture in a nonionic surfactant micelle aqueous solution or peanut oil–water two-phase system is not only necessary for studying the enzymatic kinetics but also beneficial to industrial application of mycelia as whole cell biocatalyst.
Highlights
Whole cell biocatalyst has been applied for production of valuable compound involving multi-step enzymatic biosynthesis as well as bio-redox reaction involving cofactor regeneration
Effect of cultivation condition on mycelia physiology The cultivation media for extractive fermentation was divided into three groups (Table 1), i.e., different monosodium glutamate (MSG) concentration between entry 1 and entry 2, different pH between entry 3 and entry 4, and different glucose concentration between entry 5 and entry 6
The bioactivity of using those mycelia as whole cell biocatalyst was determined by cell suspension culture in nitrogen (MSG)-free culture medium
Summary
Whole cell biocatalyst has been applied for production of valuable compound involving multi-step enzymatic biosynthesis as well as bio-redox reaction involving cofactor regeneration. In the case that product formation and cell growth are coupled, such as production of intracellular products, microbial fermentation using growing cells is applied, in which process optimization aiming at maximizing product usually defines biomass as objective function (Chen et al 2015). Cell suspension culture using resting cells exhibits some advantages in comparison with microbial fermentation using growing cells. The bioactivity of whole cell biocatalyst is related to microbial physiology (Cornelissen et al 2011). The microbial physiology is related to cultivation condition. There are many reports on the effect of cultivation conditions on the bioactivity of whole cell biocatalyst (Chen et al 2011; Olaofe et al 2013; Ramesh et al 2016). Whole cells utilized as biocatalyst are usually harvested at the late logarithm phase during growing cell submerged culture (Oremland et al 1999)
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