Abstract
Rigid polyurethane foams (RPURF) containing a bio-polyol from rapeseed oil and different phosphorus-based flame retardants were obtained. Triethyl phosphate (TEP), dimethyl propane phosphonate (DMPP) and cyclic phosphonates Addforce CT 901 (20 parts per hundred polyol by weight) were used in the synthesis of RPURF. The influence of used flame retardants on foaming process, cell structure, and physical–mechanical properties as well as flammability of RPURF were examined. The addition of flame retardants influenced the parameters of the cellular structure and decreased compressive strength. All obtained foam materials had a low thermal conductivity coefficient, which allows them to be used as thermal insulation. The research results of bio-based RPURF were compared with foams obtained without bio-polyol. All modified materials had an oxygen index above 21 vol%; therefore, they can be classified as self-extinguishing materials. The analysis of parameters obtained after the cone calorimeter test showed that the modified RPURF have a lower tendency to fire development compared to the reference foams, which was particularly noticeable for the materials with the addition of DMPP.
Highlights
Phosphorus Flame Retardants.Rigid polyurethane foams (RPURF) are among the best thermal insulation materials produced on a large scale
The aim of this research was to obtain RPURF containing new bio-polyol from rapeseed oil synthesized in our laboratory [27] and various liquid phosphorous flame retardants, and analyze their effect on useful properties as potential thermal-insulating materials
The following flame retardant were used: triethyl phosphate (TEP) with a phosphorus content of 17 wt.% and viscosity of 1.7 mPa·s supplied by Purinova, dimethyl propane phosphonate (DMPP)-Levagard® DMPP with a phosphorus content of 20.3 wt.%
Summary
Phosphorus Flame Retardants.Rigid polyurethane foams (RPURF) are among the best thermal insulation materials produced on a large scale. By selecting the appropriate raw materials for the synthesis of polyurethane (PUR) foams, it is possible to obtain products with a wide range of properties [1] These features, combined with good mechanical properties, make RPURF applicable in many branches of industry such as construction, automotive, transport, mainly as thermal insulations [2,3,4,5]. Organic phosphorus compounds such as phosphates, phosphonates, phosphites, and others are widely used flame retardants [11,12,13] These compounds can act effectively in the gas phase as radical scavengers and in the condensed phase, creating a charred layer on the polymer surface, which reduces the flow of heat and gas products of thermal decomposition of the material [4,14,15]. Expanded graphite [9,17], aluminum hydroxide [18], magnesium hydroxide [19], ammonium
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