Bioavailability of hetacillin in rats after liver enzyme induction by various inducers with or without protein binding properties.

Abstract

The serum levels and the half life of ampicillin derived from Hetacillin after administration of the latter to a total of 61 rats classified in 7 groups were determined. Each of these groups was pre-treated for 15 days with the following inducers; phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, diazepam, chlorpromazine and phenylbutazone. The control group received saline. The d-glucaric acid concentration in the urine prior to and after the administration of inducers and the liver weight were taken as enzyme induction indices. Results showed a positive correlation between the indices of induction and the levels of ampicillin originating from hetacillin with a significant correlation coefficient between the serum levels of ampicillin and urine d-glucaric acid for all drugs studied. The different effect of the various drugs indicated that they could be classified into the following two groups: a) those that induced a significant increase of the levels and half life (t1/2) of ampicillin. The effect was significant in decreasing order for phenylbutazone (r = 0,990), diazepam (r = 0,990) and diphenylhydantoin (r = 0,753). b) those which initially resulted in a significant increase of the levels of ampicillin and thereafter in a decrease with a significant shortening of its t1/2 too. The effect was most significant for phenobarbital (r = 0,887) and less so for chlorpromazine (r = 0,800). Only for these two drugs was a significant and actually negative correlation observed between d-glucaric acid and t1/2 that is: phenobarbital (r = -0,967) chlorpromazine (r = -0,752). Results suggest an interaction of Hetacillin and the above inducers.