Bioavailability of Cd and Pb in sediments of the National Park Veracruz Reef System, Gulf of Mexico

Abstract

The National Park Veracruz Reef System (PNSAV) located in the Veracruz coastal area, Gulf of Mexico is highly influenced by anthropogenic and natural impacts. In this study, we analyzed the total and bioavailable fractions of Cd and Pb contents in sediments recovered at 18 sites (~8–9 m water depth) in the Veracruz Reef System (VRS). An enrichment of Cd and Pb contents is identified in VRS, which indicates various anthropogenic activities that occurred in the region. The Cd total fraction observed in the Rizo reef surpassed the Mid-range effect (ERM), which is potentially toxic to marine organisms and human health. High Cd bioavailable fraction is observed in the Gallega and Galleguilla reefs in the northern part of the PNSAV, but they did not exceed the ERM and Low Range Effect (ERL) values. However, relatively high bioavailable Pb suggests a potential risk of exerting toxic effects to the environment and marine biota, since this metal can be very easily consumed by the benthic organisms living in this zone.