Abstract
To understand the behaviour of mercury in soils and assess the risk of its toxicity, the forms in which the element is found in the environment must be detected. In the occurrence of favourable alkylation conditions (for example in floodplain soils), the content of methyl and ethyl mercury is higher. These Hg forms in comparison with mineral compounds are toxic for the same organisms in concentrations from 10 to 100 times lower. The research concerned eight selected soil profiles representing six different types of soils (Endogleyic Phaeozem, Endogleyic Fluvisol, Eutric Fluvisol, Haplic Luvisols, Brunic Arenosol, Albic Podzol) placed in croplands. The content of mobile (water soluble), available (DTPA-extractable) and bound with organic matter (NaOH-extractable) Hg forms was determined after thermal decomposition using AMA mercury analyser. The mobility as well as availability of mercury in the analysed soils was very low, with average percentage to 0.28 and 2.45 % of the total content of this metal, respectively. It was mainly dependent on texture, the amount of organic matter and soil pH. The percentage of mercury bound with organic matter ranged from 2.34 to 73.70 % of the total content of this metal and was correlated with amount of clay and Fe oxides. Considering these results, the hazard of migration of this element into deeper horizons of the soil profile and ground water is very low. Moreover, crops from the investigated area are not at risk from mercury contamination.
Highlights
Mercury possesses unique physicochemical properties when compared to all chemical elements, and the variety of compounds it forms make it both a very difficult and interesting object of study (Fitzgerald 1995; Lindqvist et al 1991; Schluter 2000; Schuster 1991)
The mobility as well as availability of mercury in the analysed soils was very low, with average percentage to 0.28 and 2.45 % of the total content of this metal, respectively. It was mainly dependent on texture, the amount of organic matter and soil pH
The results presented are a continuation and extension of research on the content of mercury in the soil environment presented by Roz_anski (2009) together with complete data on composition, physicochemical properties, and the total content of mercury
Summary
Mercury possesses unique physicochemical properties when compared to all chemical elements, and the variety of compounds it forms make it both a very difficult and interesting object of study (Fitzgerald 1995; Lindqvist et al 1991; Schluter 2000; Schuster 1991). The form of the highest toxicity and at the same time of the highest bioaccumulation is methyl and dimethyl mercury (Alloway 1995; Gochfeld 2003). Plants accumulate relatively small amounts of Hg, much more in animals (especially water animals) and fungi (Boening 2000; Campbell et al 2003; Kabata-Pendias and Pendias 2000; Tsuchiya et al 2008) This metal is mainly accumulated in plant roots, from which it is transferred at different rates to the parts above the surface (Boening 2000; Gochfeld 2003)
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