Abstract

Cyanides are potentially deadly compounds that exist in various chemical forms. Cyanide radicals are fast-acting and quickly combine with metal to form simple or complex salts. There are two cyanide gases known as hydrogen cyanide and cyanogen chloride. There are several known physiochemical and biological processes effective in the degradation and removal of cyanide from waste effluent. Biological processes mostly employ oxidation pathways. Generally, microorganisms use biosorption for concentration/recovery, and biodegradation is usually accelerated by enzymes. Cyanide is a highly toxic compound that is produced naturally by plants and other microorganisms. A massive percentage of cyanide in the environment is from industrial wastewater. Cyanide exists as free cyanide, WAD, and metal cyanide. Cyanide-degrading enzymes are of high recommendation for cyanide bioremediation in cyanide-contaminated industrial wastewater. They catalyze the degradation in different pathways such as oxidation, hydrolysis, reduction, etc.

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