Bioassisted Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles from Saccharomonospora glauca: Toxicity and Biocompatibility Study

Abstract

Bionanosynthesis is an important aspect in the rapidly growing field of nanotechnology that provides a good functional material of biological interest. In the present study, bioassisted synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was carried out using Saccharomonospora glauca, rare actinomycetes isolated from soil and were tested for haemocompatibility and cytotoxicity against NIH3T3, HT-29, and Hep 2 cells. Bioreduction was monitored by using UV-visible spectroscopy and characterised by FTIR, XRD, SEM, DLS and zeta potential. XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesised GNPs. The average particle size obtained by SEM and DLS was found to be 30 nm with spherical in shape. The synthesised GNPs showed good cytotoxic activity against cancer cell lines HT-29 and Hep 2 with an IC-50 value of 49.8 μg/ml and 96.8 μg/ml respectively and least toxicity for normal cell lines NIH3T3. This was further confirmed by staining the cells with AO and PI dual staining for apoptosis detection. The synthesised GNPs showed excellent biocompatibility for human blood without haemolysis. The work reports for the first time the synthesis of simple and eco-friendly GNPs from Saccharomonospora glauca showing excellent biocompatibility and good toxicity for cancer cells with mild toxicity for normal cell lines that can be implemented for biomedicine.