Abstract
Context: Origanum (Lamiaceae) has been used in food and pharmaceutical industries.Objective: Isolation and identification of bioactive compounds from Origanum rotundifolium Boiss. and investigation of their antiproliferative and antioxidant activities.Materials and methods: The aerial part of O. rotundifolium was dried and powdered (1.0 kg ±2.0 g) then extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water. Solvent (3 × 1 L) was used for each extraction for a week at room temperature. The aqueous extract was partitioned with ethyl acetate (3 × 1 L) to yield the water/EtOAc extract subjected to chromatography to isolate the active compounds. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by 1 D, 2 D NMR and LC-TOF/MS.Results: Apigenin (1), ferulic acid (2), vitexin (3), caprolactam (4), rosmarinic acid (5), and globoidnan A (6) were isolated and identified. Globoidnan A (6), vitexin (3), and rosmarinic acid (5) revealed the excellent DPPH• scavenging effect with IC50 values of 22.4, 31.4, 47.2 μM, respectively. Vitexin (3) (IC50 3.6), globoidnan A (6) (IC50 4.6), apigenin (1) (IC50 8.9) and ferulic acid (2) exhibited more ABTS•+ activity than standard Trolox (IC50 13.8 μg/mL). Vitexin (3) revealed the most antiproliferative activity against HeLa, HT29, C6 and Vero cells lines with IC50 values of 35.6, 32.5, 41.6, 46.7 (μM), respectively.Discussion and conclusion: Globoidnan A (6) has the most antioxidant effects on all assays. This has to do with the chemical structure of the compound bearing the acidic protons. Vitexin (3) could be a promising anticancer agent.
Highlights
Plants have played a significant role in drug discovery and development process
The bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from plants have constituted the drug discovery
Column chromatography was performed on silica (60–230 mesh, Merck)
Summary
Plants have played a significant role in drug discovery and development process. Medicinal plants have been the main source of primary healthcare. The bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from plants have constituted the drug discovery. There has been a significant increase in the discovery of molecular targets that may be applied to the discovery of novel materials for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases (Newman & Cragg 2007). Due to the difficulty of synthesis, polyphenols, bioactive natural products, play an important role in the human need to satisfy their phenolic requirements through daily consumption of fruits and vegetables. Phenolic compounds are effective in the treatment of chronic and acute diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders and inflammation (Baiano et al 2014)
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