Bioassay-guided antidiabetic study of Phaleria macrocarpa fruit extract.

Roziahanim Mahmud,Mohd Z. Asmawi,Navneet Kaur,Item J. Atangwho,Rabyah B. Ali,Mariam Ahmad,Omar Saad Abraika

doi:10.3390/molecules17054986

Roziahanim Mahmud, Mohd Z. Asmawi + Show 5 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17054986

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Abstract

An earlier anti-hyperglycemic study with serial crude extracts of Phaleria macrocarpa (PM) fruit indicated methanol extract (ME) as the most effective. In the present investigation, the methanol extract was further fractionated to obtain chloroform (CF), ethyl acetate (EAF), n-butanol (NBF) and aqueous (AF) fractions, which were tested for antidiabetic activity. The NBF reduced blood glucose (p < 0.05) 15 min after administration, in an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) similar to metformin. Moreover, it lowered blood glucose in diabetic rats by 66.67% (p < 0.05), similar to metformin (51.11%), glibenclamide (66.67%) and insulin (71.43%) after a 12-day treatment, hence considered to be the most active fraction. Further fractionation of NBF yielded sub-fractions I (SFI) and II (SFII), and only SFI lowered blood glucose (p < 0.05), in IPGTT similar to glibenclamide. The ME, NBF, and SFI correspondingly lowered plasma insulin (p < 0.05) and dose-dependently inhibited glucose transport across isolated rat jejunum implying an extra-pancreatic mechanism. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenes and tannins, in ME, NBF and SFI, and LC-MS analyses revealed 9.52%, 33.30% and 22.50% mangiferin respectively. PM fruit possesses anti-hyperglycemic effect, exerted probably through extra-pancreatic action. Magniferin, contained therein may be responsible for this reported activity.

Highlights

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem already at epidemic proportions globally
The results showed that the active extract, fraction and sub-fraction significantly decreased blood glucose after
The potent anti-hyperglycemic action of the n-butanol fraction was further proven in a 12-day daily administration of the fractions in diabetic rats, by 66.67% reduction in glucose levels similar to metformin (51.11%), glibenclamide (66.67%) and insulin (71.43%), but no significant effect were shown by chloroform, ethyl acetate and water extracts

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem already at epidemic proportions globally. Between 2010 and 2030, there is a projected 69% increase in numbers of adults with diabetes in developing countries and a 20% increase in developed countries [1] This increased incidence has already been reported in Asia and Malaysia in particular. A ten year consecutive survey carried out by the National Health and Morbidity Surveys I, II and III in Malaysia, respectively, reported diabetes prevalence among adults of 6.3% in 1986, 8.3% in 1996 and 11.6% in 2006 [2]. This ugly trend has necessitated increased exploration and exploitation of alternative therapeutic and management measures, traditional herbal remedies. Adequate research on these medicinal plants beyond screening for biological activity, should be conducted with the aim to systematically standardize and develop them into natural products or dosage forms which would effectively complement or supplement existing conventional measures [5,6] as well as follow quality assessment and evaluation guidelines [7]

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