Bioanalysis of anticancer agents: Evaluating LC-MS/MS procedures with greenness metrics

Abstract

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based bioanalytical procedures are a group of highly versatile and ultra-sensitive analytical technique that plays a critical role in the effective therapeutic drug monitoring of anticancer agents. However, routine application of this sophisticated high-end technique can generate a higher energy surge and environmental waste while posing safety threats to the analyst. Hence, a comprehensive review of available greenness metric tools and their applications for the cited bioanalytical procedures is needed to address this critical issue. This review highlights the evolution and development of different greenness assessment tools over the last decade. Six of these available holistic greenness metrics tools that complied with the cardinal principles of green analytical chemistry were employed to assess and compare the greenness of selected case studies. Afterwards, this review identifies challenges associated with the greenness assessment of such methods, and the possible future scopes that researchers can incorporate into the existing workflow.