Abstract
Biopesticides are environmentally friendly solutions used for pest control management. This is a feature of Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil and tar, which provides a synergistic effect on the bioactivity of pyroligneous acid, and both are known to have bioactive compounds. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of neem seed oil and tar on pyroligneous acid from rice husks in conventional emulsion form, and their efficacy on the polyphagous insect Spodoptera litura. Neem seed oil was added at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, and 40%, while the concentration of tar was 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0%. The conventional emulsion formed was then characterized using a digital microscope. The addition of neem seed oil and tar were able to increase the antifeedant activity of pyroligneous acid by 63.6 % while both neem oil and tar by 72.6 %. The 2.0% tar formulation (N4PT2) showed the highest antifeedant activity against S.litura (97.9 %) and had the smallest droplets size ranges (2.90 - 24.16 µm). The addition of tar tends to reduce the droplet size of neem oil and increase antifeedant activity.
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