Abstract

Marine invertebrates are a significant source of biologically active compounds. Recent studies have highlighted the role of microbiota associated with marine invertebrates in the production of bioactive compounds. Corals and sponges are the main marine invertebrates producing bioactive substances, and Symbiodiniaceae dinoflagellates are well-recognized endosymbionts with corals and sponges playing vital functions. The biological properties of Symbiodiniaceae-derived compounds have garnered attention in the past decades owing to their ecological implications and potentiality for bioprospecting initiatives. This study aims to systematically review studies on bioactivities and potential biotechnological applications of Symbiodiniaceae-derived compounds. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. Our study showed that anti-inflammatory and vasoconstrictive activities of Symbiodiniaceae-derived compounds have been the most investigated. However, very few studies have been published, with in vitro culturing of Symbiodiniaceae being the most significant challenge. Therefore, we surveyed for the metabolites reported so far, analyzed their chemodiversity, and discussed approaches to overcome culturing-related limitations.

Highlights

  • Marine invertebrates have significant bioprospecting potential, it is associated with several methodological, ecological, and logistical challenges owing to limited sampling and the risk of changes in population dynamics [1]. ese challenges are owing to the prolonged time and poor reproducibility of the complex environmental conditions required for the cultivation of invertebrate biomass [2, 3]

  • Challenges associated with large-scale production of the target bioactive compounds from a marine organism, that is, low yield on animal extraction and high costs and practical limitations of chemical synthesis, further limit the use of these compounds [5]. e origin of marine natural products (MNP) on bioprospecting studies on sessile or nonsessile marine invertebrates remains uncertain, which could be the organisms themselves, the associated microbiota, or the interaction between them [6]. e specialized metabolism of the associated microbiota remains to be studied

  • A considerably low number of studies investigating Symbiodiniaceae-derived compounds and their bioactivity potential were published, with the highest of 4 studies published in 2004. is low academic productivity is associated with the small number of countries researching on this topic (Figure 2(b)), which is in contrast with the worldwide distribution of the Symbiodiniaceae species [30] and the metabolite diversity that marine invertebrates represent [1, 31,32,33,34,35,36], including their associated microbiota [12]

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Summary

Introduction

Marine invertebrates have significant bioprospecting potential, it is associated with several methodological, ecological, and logistical challenges owing to limited sampling and the risk of changes in population dynamics [1]. ese challenges are owing to the prolonged time and poor reproducibility of the complex environmental conditions required for the cultivation of invertebrate biomass (e.g., sponges) [2, 3]. Marine invertebrates have significant bioprospecting potential, it is associated with several methodological, ecological, and logistical challenges owing to limited sampling and the risk of changes in population dynamics [1]. Marine invertebrates produce bioactive compounds of biotechnological utility, their biological characteristics limit large-scale harvesting of secondary metabolites in vitro [4]. Challenges associated with large-scale production of the target bioactive compounds from a marine organism, that is, low yield on animal extraction and high costs and practical limitations of chemical synthesis, further limit the use of these compounds [5]. E origin of marine natural products (MNP) on bioprospecting studies on sessile or nonsessile marine invertebrates remains uncertain, which could be the organisms themselves, the associated microbiota, or the interaction between them [6]. Unknown free-living marine bacteria, frequently associated with the tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata, express groups of essential genes for the synthesis of bioactive metabolites (e.g., trabectedin) that are under research as potential oncologic treatment agents [16]

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