Abstract
Abstract This paper aims to investigate, for the first time, in vitro antitubercular, antileishmanial and antiproliferative activities of essential oils (EOs) from S. odoratissima leaves and flowers - grown in midwestern Brazil - against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis and human tumor cell lines. Antimycobacterial activity of EOs was evaluated in terms of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). EOs from leaves and flowers showed to be active antimicrobials against M. tuberculosis, since MIC values were 150 µg/mL and 162.5 µg/mL, respectively. Both EOs exhibited significant activity against promastigote forms of L. amazonensis; IC50 values (50% growth inhibition) were 14.36 ± 2.02 (EOs from leaves) and 19.89 ± 2.66 µg/mL (EOs from flowers). Antiproliferative activity in normal (GM07492A, lung fibroblasts) and tumor (MCF-7, HeLa and M059J) cell lines was performed by the XTT assay; results were expressed as IC50 (50% cell growth inhibition) and the selective index was calculated. IC50 values of EOs from leaves and flowers obtained in normal cell lines for were 502.97 ± 40.33 µg/mL and 370.60 ± 2.01 µg/mL, respectively. Antiproliferative activity was observed against human tumor cell lines, whose IC50 values were significantly lower than those obtained in normal cell lines of MCF-7 cells (367.57 ± 4.46 µg/mL-EOs from leaves and 357.70 ± 1.85 µg/mL-EOs from flowers) and M059J cells (492.53 ± 56.67 µg/mL-EOs from leaves and 324.90 ± 6.72 µg/mL-EOs from flowers), thus, indicating selectivity. These in vitro results showed that EOs from S. odoratissima may be an antimycobacterial, antiparasitic and antitumor agent.
Highlights
Essential oils (EOs) are natural, complex, multi-component systems which are mainly composed of terpenes and some other nonterpene components
Considering the medicinal potential of S. odoratissima, besides the chemical and biological importance of EOs from plants that belong to the family Rutaceae (Liaqat et al 2018), and the interest in deepening studies of EOs from S. odoratissima leaves and flowers that have been carried out by our research group (Cabral et al 2019), this paper describes, for the first time, in vitro antitubercular, antileishmanial and antiproliferative activities of EOs extracted from S. odoratissima leaves and flowers
Complete data on the chemical composition of EOs may be found in a paper that has just been published by the research group that is composed of the authors of this study (Cabral et al 2019)
Summary
Essential oils (EOs) are natural, complex, multi-component systems which are mainly composed of terpenes and some other nonterpene components. EOs and their constituents exhibit different biological activities, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities (Sharifi-Rad et al 2017). They consist of mixtures of several lipid-soluble and volatile compounds, such as monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenylpropanoids, that can diffuse across cell membranes, a major advantage with regard to interactions with intracellular targets. Its leaves have been used for blood depuration and prevention of renal and hepatic diseases. They have important anti-anxiety and anti-inflammatory activities; the latter has been directly related to the inhibition of phospholipase A2 activity. Its roots have been applied to the treatment of stomach diseases, muscle pain, headache, rheumatism and hepatic disorders, besides central nervous system depression (Chaibub et al 2013; Souzs et al 2015; Galdino et al 2012)
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