Abstract
<em>Pterygoplichthys pardalis </em>is an underutilized by-catch fish species considered as an invasive fish, which is a potential threat to Sri Lankan freshwater fishery industry. This study attempted to produce bioactive fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) using <em>P.</em> <em>pardalis</em>. Acid-aided aqueous extract of fish protein was produced and the best protein extraction (PE) was selected. The lyophilized extracts were hydrolyzed using pepsin, papain and trypsin enzymes (1:100), and were subjected to analyze antioxidant properties by DPPH scavenging assay and TBARS assay, metal chelation activity and antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method. The 15% citric acid sample showed the highest (p<0.05) PE yield (1.95%±0.04 w/w). The pepsin (0 hour) treated hydrolysate showed the highest (p<0.05) radical scavenging activity (79.71%±5.19). None of the hydrolysates exhibited antioxidant properties against TBARS and showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in the ferrous chelating activity (pepsin (0 hour): 52.31%±0.93, papain (9 hours): 50.95%±1.17). Antibacterial activity against <em>E. coli </em>was positive in all hydrolysates, where pepsin (0 hour) hydrolysate showed the highest activity against <em>E. coli</em>. This concludes, FPHs of acidsoluble protein of <em>P. pardalis </em>contain antioxidant properties, iron-binding activity and antibacterial activity.
Highlights
Fish is a highly nutritious food, which has a high demand among consumers (Ojutiku et al, 2009)
In acid-aided solubilization of fish protein, typically HCl or H2SO4 is used. This could lead to significant loss in its functional properties over the alkali-aided solubilization and leave health concerns (Kristinsson and Rasco, 2000)
The lowest yield was observed in the control (0% citric acid) sample though there was no significant difference of the yield between control and 5% citric acid contained samples, whereas, the highest yield was observed in 15% citric acid contained sample
Summary
Fish is a highly nutritious food, which has a high demand among consumers (Ojutiku et al, 2009) It is a rich source of balanced and digestible protein sulphur containing amino acids, omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins and a low caloric density food compared to terrestrial animal meat (Tacon and Metian, 2013). It provides about 15% of the average per capita intake of animal protein of more than 4.5 billion consumers (Béné et al, 2015). Such value-added products include fish protein hydrolysates, pet food, fish silage, fertilizer, fish oil etc. (Ramírez-Ramírez et al, 2008)
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