Abstract
The effectiveness of commercial bone adhesives is known to be hampered by the weak efficacy of cell ingrowth. The strategy of macropore-forming, especially bioactive macropores, holds considerable promise to circumvent this problem, thereby promoting fracture healing. Herein, a class of bioactive glass-involved macropore-embedded bone adhesives is developed, which is capable of facilitating the migration of bone-derived mesenchymal stromal cells into the adhesive layer and differentiation into osteocytes. The integration of bioactive glass-particle-encapsulated porogens in the bone adhesives is key to this approach. A robust instant bonding on the bone adhesive and a high efficiency of bone regeneration on a mouse skull are observed, both of which are vital for clinical applications and personalized surgical procedures. This work represents a general strategy to design biomaterials with high cell-ingrowth efficacy.
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