BIOACTIVE POLAR LIPIDS IN OLIVE OIL, POMACE AND WASTE BYPRODUCTS

Abstract

ABSTRACT Olive oil protects against atherosclerosis because of biologically active microconstituents. In this study, total polar lipids from olive oil, pomace, pomace oil and waste byproducts were extracted, fractionated by thin layer chromatography and tested for their bioactivity. The most active ones were further purified on high-performance liquid chromatography, and the resulting lipid fractions were tested for their bioactivity. Bioactive compounds were determined in all samples with the exception of olive pomace oil. These lipids inhibited platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced platelet aggregation and also induced platelet aggregation. The bioactive compound from olive pomace has been chemically characterized as a glycerylether-sn-2-acetyl glycolipid based on mass spectra. Chemical determinations and mass spectrometry data reinforce the assumption that these active microconstituents share both similar bioactivity and common structural features. The existence of PAF antagonists in polar lipid extracts from olive oil waste by-products render them biologically valuable materials for the food industry that could be used for the production of functional foods. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Isolated bioactive polar lipids from waste by-products of the olive oil industry that act as inhibitors of platelet-activating factor (PAF) may be used for enrichment and production of foods with higher nutritional value, as PAF plays a major role in inflammatory disorders, including atherosclerosis development.