Bioactive Phytochemicals from Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) Oil Processing Byproducts

Abstract

AbstractJatropha (Jatropha curcas) is a versatile plant with a wide range of qualities, applications, and great potential. About 175 species make up the genus Jatropha, which is part of the Euphorbiaceae family. Worldwide cultivation of the Jatropha curcas plant is practiced, with a concentration in Central and South America. Jatropha curcas is eventually one of the most important energy crops worldwide. Vegetable oil that is produced from oilseeds may be used to make premium biodiesel. Over 75% of the seed weight in different extraction methods remains as a Jatropha curcas pressed cake (PC), which is rich in ash, protein, and carbohydrates. Therefore, vast amounts of Jatropha curcas PC would be created in areas where massive amounts of Jatropha curcas oil are being processed for the biodiesel industry. In addition, the jatropha species are well known for being an excellent source of secondary metabolites and phytochemicals with various biological characteristics. The Jatropha genus includes flavonoids, cyclic peptides, eudesmenoic acids, lignans, alkaloids, coumarins, and terpenes. Jatropha species’ extracts and extracted bioactive compounds exhibit antifungal, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, AChE inhibition, anti-inflammatory, larvicidal, antioxidant, insecticidal, and poisonous properties. Biocomposites, briquettes, bioethanol, biogas, pyloritic products, syngas, organic fertilizer, protein, animal feed, and syngas are only a few applications for Jatropha curcas PC. This work reports on the bioactive phytochemicals produced as byproducts during the processing of jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) oil and discusses Jatropha curcas PC valorization.KeywordsSeed cakePressed cakeValorizationNonconventional vegetablesBiodieselPhorbol esters, Curcin, Antinutritional factorApplicationPhytochemistry