Bioactive pH-sensitive nanoemulsion in melanoma cell lines

Abstract

Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer with elevated propensity to metastasize. One of the major critical issues in the treatment of oncological patients is represented by the development of toxicity and resistance to the available therapies. Great progress has been made in the field of nanotechnologies to limit the unwanted effects of anti-cancer treatments. We explored the potential of creating oil-in-water nanoemulsions composed of oleic acid, as a bioactive carrier for lipophilic drug delivery. This bioactive nanoemulsion was loaded with Curcumin, a natural fluorescent lipophilic compound, used as a model drug to evaluate nanoemulsion capability to: i) encapsulate the lipophilic moiety; ii) interact with the specific cells, and iii) improve the efficacy of the loaded model drug compared to the free one. Therefore, we evaluated the physical–chemical features of Curcumin-loaded nanoemulsions, confirming their pH sensibility and their stability over time. Moreover, the nanoemulsions were able to preserve the loaded Curcumin by degradation/destabilization phenomena. Finally, we verified some of the biological functions of Curcumin delivered by nanoemulsions in the B16F10 melanoma cell line. We obtained evidence of the biological action of Curcumin, suggesting oleic-based nanoemulsions as an efficient nanocarrier for lipophilic drug delivery.