Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major public health concern associated with high mortality and reduced life expectancy. The alarming rise in the prevalence of diabetes is linked to several factors including sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet. Nutritional intervention and increased physical activity could significantly contribute to bringing this under control. Food-derived bioactive peptides and protein hydrolysates have been associated with a number health benefits. Several peptides with antidiabetic potential have been identified that could decrease blood glucose level, improve insulin uptake and inhibit key enzymes involved in the development and progression of diabetes. Dietary proteins, from a wide range of food, are rich sources of antidiabetic peptides. Thus, there are a number of benefits in studying peptides obtained from food sources to develop nutraceuticals. A deeper understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of these peptides will assist in the development of new peptide-based therapeutics. Despite this, a comprehensive analysis of the antidiabetic properties of bioactive peptides derived from various food sources is still lacking. Here, we review the recent literature on food-derived bioactive peptides possessing antidiabetic activity. The focus is on the effectiveness of these peptides as evidenced by in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, we discuss future prospects of peptide-based drugs for the treatment of diabetes.
Highlights
IntroductionPublisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
The results suggest that this peptide could improve glucose tolerance, restore pancreatic function and enhance insulin signalling by activating the insulin receptor (IR)/Akt signalling pathway [86,87]
A mounting body of evidence supports the importance of functional foods and foodderived bioactive peptides in managing and treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The major classes of conventional antidiabetic drugs include sulfonylureas, biguanides, α-glucosidase inhibitors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitors, and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors [7] Several are in clinical and preclinical trials [19] In this context, a large number of bioactive peptides possessing antidiabetic activity have been derived from various food sources including milk, egg, fish, pulses, legumes, and cereals [18,20]. A large number of bioactive peptides possessing antidiabetic activity have been derived from various food sources including milk, egg, fish, pulses, legumes, and cereals [18,20] These peptides regulate blood glucose levels by inhibiting major enzymes such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and DPP IV as well as acting as an agonist of glucagon-like peptide 1. This review discusses the challenges involved in the development of and future prospects of peptide-based drugs for the treatment of diabetes
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