Abstract
Ginkgo biloba is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine containing multiple components that contribute to its notable bioactivities. Variations of seasonal, meteorological and planting soil on the phytochemicals contents in G. biloba leaves due to the effects of growth meteorological and soil parameters were investigated in this study. The leaves of G. biloba were collected from different months and place in Zhejiang province, the contents of flavones (quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin) and terpene lactones (bilobalide, ginkgolides A, B and C) were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and the evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) method. The established methods were validated with good linearity, precision, repeatability, stability, and recovery. Comprehensive analysis suggested the proper harvest time for G. biloba was in October of Zhejiang province. The result of correlation analysis with meteorological factors shows that the temperature and precipitation have non-significant effect on the main components of G. biloba. In addition, the type and content (Mn and Zn) of the soil showed significantly effect on the content of flavonoids and terpene lactones. This study enriched the knowledge on the development and utilization value of the G. biloba leaves and was useful for determining the optimal harvest time and growing condition.
Highlights
Ginkgo is one of the oldest documented traditional Chinese medicines, and it is considered to be a complimentary and alternative medicine nowadays in the United States and Europe (Belwal et al, 2019)
The quality control of Gingko is usually standardized based on the content of ginkgolide A (GA), ginkgolide B (GB), ginkgolide C (GC), bilobalide (BB), quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin (Ding et al, 2006)
The contents of flavones (Figure 1) and terpene lactones (GA, GB, GC and BB) (Figure 1) were found in all the 264 samples collected from 11 main production areas of Zhejiang in this study
Summary
Ginkgo is one of the oldest documented traditional Chinese medicines, and it is considered to be a complimentary and alternative medicine nowadays in the United States and Europe (Belwal et al, 2019). G. biloba extract has been extensively used therapeutically to increase peripheral and. Variability of the bioactive metabolites of Ginkgo biloba cerebral blood flow as well as for the treatment of dementia all over the world for several decades (Krieglstein et al, 1986; Le Bars et al, 1997). As is well-known, G. biloba leaves are rich in flavonol glycosides, terpene lactones, biflavones, and proanthocyanidins, and the former two have been considered to be the main components for their beneficial effects and have gotten by far the most attention (Xie et al, 2014). The quality control of Gingko is usually standardized based on the content of ginkgolide A (GA), ginkgolide B (GB), ginkgolide C (GC), bilobalide (BB), quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin (Ding et al, 2006)
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