Abstract
Three broad chemical classes of bioactive macrocyclic natural products are discussed in this chapter: macrolidic antibiotics, macrolides that have antitumor or immunological effects and cyclic peptides that may or may not contain lactone (depsipeptide ) linkages. In a number of cases, particularly from marine sources, they have been identified from assessment of biosynthetic clusters discovered through analysis of the genomes of symbiotic microbes. Examples are given from each of these groups, including short introductions to ansamycin-type Hsp90 inhibitors and the myxobacterial metabolites, the epothilones. Due to the fact that a number of molecules isolated from one source maybe produced by another or even a consortium, the molecules are grouped for discussion according to their biological activities rather than their nominal source(s). Also briefly discussed are some synthetic studies on macrocycles, in some cases de novo synthetic and, in others, based upon natural product structures.
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