Abstract
Diseases or complications that are caused by bone tissue damage affect millions of patients every year. Orthopedic and dental implants have become important treatment options for replacing and repairing missing or damaged parts of bones and teeth. In order to use a material in the manufacture of implants, the material must meet several requirements, such as mechanical stability, elasticity, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, corrosion resistance, and non-toxicity. In the 1970s, a biocompatible glassy material called bioactive glass was discovered. At a later time, several glass materials with similar properties were developed. This material has a big potential to be used in formulating medical devices, but its fragility is an important disadvantage. The use of bioactive glasses in the form of coatings on metal substrates allows the combination of the mechanical hardness of the metal and the biocompatibility of the bioactive glass. In this review, an extensive study of the literature was conducted regarding the preparation methods of bioactive glass and the different techniques of coating on various substrates, such as stainless steel, titanium, and their alloys. Furthermore, the main doping agents that can be used to impart special properties to the bioactive glass coatings are described.
Highlights
In time, the research development in the field of biomaterials led to the improvement of materials properties as well as the discovery of new materials with more suitable properties for the aimed applications
At the site of implantation it induces the formation of strong bonds with bone tissue, due to the formation of a layer of wollastonite which turns into hydroxycarbonate apatite, that has a similar composition to mineral bone [1,13]
Using the methods described in this chapter, bioactive glass coatings were obtained on substrates of stainless steel [130,131,132,133,134,135,136], magnesium and its alloys [137,138,139,140], PET [141], titanium [36,142,143,144], and alloys such as Ti-6Al-4V [145,146] and NiTi [147], silica [148], etc
Summary
The research development in the field of biomaterials led to the improvement of materials properties as well as the discovery of new materials with more suitable properties for the aimed applications. When the bioactive glass meets the biological tissues, a succession of chemical reactions take place, which eventually lead to stimulation of the formation of bonds between the tissue and the bioactive glass Another important characteristic of bioactive glass is that it possesses antibacterial properties due to the local change of the pH [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]. The discovery of bioactive glass took place more than 50 years ago It consolidated with the bone regenerative medicine by introducing the concept that a material implanted in the body can form a close bond with living tissues, but can stimulate the growth of new, healthy tissues [30]
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