Abstract
Marine organisms are recognized as a source of compounds with interesting biological activities. Vibrio neocaledonicus has been reported on for its high effectiveness against corrosion in metals but it has been little studied for its chemical and biological activities. In this study, four compounds were isolated from V. neocaledonicus: indole (1); 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde (2); 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3) and Cyclo (-Pro-Tyr) (4); using a bioassay-guided method, since in a previous study it was found that the ethyl acetate extract was active on the enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), alpha-glucosidase (AG) and xanthine oxidase (XO). The inhibitory activities of the three compounds against AChE, AG and XO was also evaluated. In addition, the enzymatic inhibitory activity of indole to the toxins from the venom of Bothrops asper was tested. Results showed that indole exhibited strong inhibitory activity to AG (IC50 = 18.65 ± 1.1 μM), to AChE, and XO (51.3% and 44.3% at 50 μg/mL, respectively). 1H-indole-3-carboxaldehyde displayed strong activity to XO (IC50 = 13.36 ± 0.39 μM). 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde showed moderate activity to XO (50.75% at 50 μg/mL) and weak activity to AChE (25.7% at 50 μg/mL). Furthermore, indole showed a significant in vitro inhibition to the coagulant effect induced by 1.0 μg of venom. The findings were supported by molecular docking. This is the first comprehensive report on the chemistry of V. neocaledonicus and the bioactivity of its metabolites.
Highlights
Humans are affected by multiple diseases to which researchers are seeking effective and adequate cures
(3) and Cyclo (l-Pro-l-Tyr) (4), which may contribute to an increase in knowledge of the chemistry on Despite the narrow structural margin reported for vibrios, compared to metabolites produced by other marine bacteria, vibrios produce compounds with a wide range of interesting biological activities including antibacterial, anticancer and antiviral activities [6]; a clear example being the V. neocaledonicus species of the present study
We found that V. neocaledonicus produced indole with a fairly high yield (9.20%) in the culture made with liquid medium 2216E
Summary
Humans are affected by multiple diseases to which researchers are seeking effective and adequate cures. Some of these diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes and gout (caused by hyperuricemia) are chronic diseases, which could be harmful to health and even life threatening. The synthesized medicines currently used to treat the aforementioned diseases have some side effects and unwanted adverse reactions, which directly affect the health of patients. It is important and necessary to find the active compounds in nature as drug leads. It is known that oceans, with high concentrations of salt and low temperatures, provide an extreme environment for the microorganisms. Mar. Drugs 2019, 17, 401; doi:10.3390/md17070401 www.mdpi.com/journal/marinedrugs
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