Bioactive Compounds in the Ethanol Extract of Marine Sponge Stylissa carteri Demonstrates Potential Anti-Cancer Activity in Breast Cancer Cells

Muhammad Hasan Bashari,Sarah Shabrina,Harold Atmaja,Fathul Huda,Tenny Putri,Beginer Subhan,Nurul Qomarilla,Ikhwan Resmala Sudji,Tamia S Tartila,Edy Meiyanto

doi:10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.4.1199

Abstract

Objective:Despite advanced treatment options available, drug resistance develops in breast cancer (BC) patients requiring novel effective drugs. Stylissa carteri, a marine sponge predominantly living in Indonesia territories, has not been extensively studied as anti-cancer. Therefore, this study targeted to assess the anti-tumor activity of the ethanol extract of S. carteri in BC cells. Methods: S. carteri was collected from Pramuka Island, at Kepulauan Seribu National Park, Jakarta, Indonesia and extracted using ethanol. Different BC cells including MDA MB 231, MDA MB 468, SKBR3, HCC-1954 and MCF-7 cells were treated with this extract for cytotoxic analysis using MTT assay. Spheroid growth assay and apoptosis assay were conducted in HCC-1954 cells. In addition, cell migration analysis and synergistic activity with doxorubicin or paclitaxel were conducted in MDA MB 231 cells. This extract was subjected also for GC-MS analysis. Results:The results show that ethanol extract of S. carteri demonstrated a cytotoxic activity in BC cells. The IC50 of this extract was lower 15 μg/ml in MDA MB 231, MDA MB 468, SKBR3, and HCC-1954 cells. Moreover, this extract inhibited spheroids growth and induced apoptosis in HCC-1954 cells. It inhibited cell migration and demonstrated a synergistic activity with doxorubicin or paclitaxel on triggering cell death in MDA MB 231 cells. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis indicated that this extract contained 1,2-Benzenediol, Dibutyl phthalate and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester. Conclusion:Our preliminary data indicate a potential anti-tumor activity of ethanol extract of S. carteri in breast cancer cells.

Highlights

Breast cancer (BC) is the first most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, and they are becoming first main cause of cancer-related deaths in women, respectively (Torre et al, 2015)
One of successfully active compound originated from marine sponge is Eribulin, which has been approved by American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the advanced stage of triple negative breast cancer (BC) (Candida et al, 2012)
Cytotoxic effects of the Et(OH) extract of S. carteri were evaluated using MTT assay in different BC cell lines including the TNBC cells, MDA MD 231 and MDA MB 468; HER2+ cells, SKBR3, and HCC-1954 as well as ER+ BC cells, MCF-7

Summary

Introduction

Breast cancer (BC) is the first most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, and they are becoming first main cause of cancer-related deaths in women, respectively (Torre et al, 2015). Chemotherapy resistance leads into cancer progression and metastasis, thereby it remains as the greatest challenges in cancer management and responsible to cancer-related death (Hammond et al, 2016). It is urgent to discover a novel drug for BC to overcome the resistance and provide better treatment response, which will lead in improving the survival of patients with BC. Marine sponges have been explored worldwide for novel anti-cancer agents. One of successfully active compound originated from marine sponge is Eribulin, which has been approved by American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the advanced stage of triple negative BC (Candida et al, 2012).

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Conclusion