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Abstract
(1) Background: this study describes bioactive compounds in the following halophytes: Sarcocornia (S. alpini, S. pruinosa, and S. perennis) and Arthrocnemum (A. macrostachyum). The material comes from: coastal marshes in Tinto River, Guadiana River, and some interior provinces from the Iberian Peninsula. (2) Methods: the techniques used were Folin–Ciocalteu, GC-MS, and ESI-MS/MS. (3) Results: Five phenolic acids were found in Sarcocornia: trans-cinnamic, salicylic, veratric, coumaric, and caffeic acids. In addition, in Arthronemum, ferulic acid was also detected. The obtained flavonoids were cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, luteolin-7-glucoside, dihydroquercetin, and p-coumaroyl-glucoside. They also presented fatty acids, such as palmitic, linoleic, and oleic acids in Sarcocornia, while palmitic, linolenic, and stearic acids were the main fatty acids in A. macrostachyum. (4) Conclusions: the high diversity of the compounds identified confirms the relation between nutritional interest and salt tolerance in halophytes.
Highlights
The genera Arthrocnemum Moq. and Sarcocornia A.J
Our values for the total phenolic compounds in the genus Sarcocornia expressed as gallic acid equivalent (G.A.E.) were between 3.892 mg G.A.E./g plant dw and 3.231 mg G.A.E./g plant dw (Table 1)
Our results show that the total proportion of saturated fatty acids in the genus Sarcocornia represented a mean of 61.5% relative percentage, with lower proportions of monounsaturated fatty acids at 2.7% (Table S2, Figures 2–4)
Summary
The genera Arthrocnemum Moq. and Sarcocornia A.J. Scott (Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae) include succulent chamaephytes that are specialized in the colonization of saline habitats. In European and North African Mediterranean territories, the following taxa occur: Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) K. Koch; A. meridionale Ramírez, Rufo, Sánchez-Mata, and Fuente; Sarcocornia hispanica Fuente, Rufo, and Sánchez-Mata; and S. alpini (Lag.) Rivas-Martínez, S. carinata Fuente, Rufo, Sánchez-Mata, and S. fruticosa (L.) A.J. Scott. S. perennis (Mill) A.J. Scott, S. pruinosa Fuente, Rufo, and Sánchez-Mata are limited to the European Atlantic coasts [1,2,3,4,5,6]
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