Abstract
Nigella seed (Nigella sativa, L.) is an annual spice nutraceutical herb of Ranunculaceae family. The seeds, also known as black cumin, offer plenty of health benefits owing to prevalence of plethora of bioactive constituents such as terpenes, alkaloids, saponins, coumarins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and phytosterols. Here we provide a comprehensive chapter of physicochemical, functional, antioxidant pharmacological, and toxicological properties of nigella seeds. This chapter examines all the existing studies on nigella seeds and its derived components such as oil, thymoquinone (TQ) and other bioactive compounds. It also attempts to cover extraction, identification, and characterization, using precise techniques such as HPLC, GC-MS, LCMS-Q-TOF, FTIR, and NMR spectroscopy. The bioactive compounds of seeds help in combating wide range of ailments. The review addresses the knowledge gaps for the extraction methods and limited studies pertaining to pharmacokinetics and dosage forms.
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